The New Pali Course Book 1

Translate into English

1. Sabbesa.m nattaaro pa~n~navanto na bhavanti.
2. Sabbaa itthiyo vaapiya.m nahaatvaa padumaani pi.landhitvaa aagacchi.msu.
3. A~n~no vaa.nijo sabba.m dhana.m yaacakaana.m datvaa geha.m pahaaya pabbaji*.
4. Maataa ubhayaasa.m pi dhiitaraana.m vatthaani ki.nitvaa dadissati.
5. Ko nadiyaa vaapiyaa ca antaraa dhenu.m harati?
6. Kassa putto dakkhi.na.m disa.m gantvaa viihi.m aaharissati?
7. Ye paapaani karonti te niraye** nibbattitvaa dukkha.m labhissanti.
8. Kaasa.m dhiitaro vanamhaa daaruuni aaharitvaa odana.m pacissanti?
9. Katarena maggena so puriso nagara.m gantvaa bha.n.daani** ki.ni?
10. Itaraa daarikaa vanitaaya hatthaa pupphaani gahetvaa cetiya.m puujesi.
11. Paresa.m dhana.m dha~n~na.m vaa ga.nhitu.m maa cintetha.
12. Aparo a~n~nissa.m vaapiya.m nahaatvaa pubbaaya disaaya nagara.m paavisi***.

* Left the household life; became a monk.
** Bha.n.da = (n) goods.
*** Entered.

Translate into Pali

1. All entered the city (in order) to see gardens, houses and streets.
2. The daughters of all the women in the village walked along the path to the shrine.
3. Another maiden took a lotus and gave (it) to the farmer.
4. Which man will bring some milk for me?
5. Who stands on the bank of the river and looks in the southern direction?
6. Sons of all rich men do not always become wealthy.
7. Whose grandsons brought the cows here and gave (them) grass to eat?
8. Tomorrow, all women in the city will come out from there and wander in the forest.
9. The other woman, having seen a leopard on the street, ran across the garden.
10. Whosoever* acquires merit through charity will be born in heaven.
11. A certain man brought lotuses from the pond, another man carried (them) to the market to sell.
12. My brother's son broke the branches of the other tree (in order) to gather flowers, leaves and fruits.

Translate into English

1. Aya.m siiho tamhaa vanamhaa nikkhamma imasmi.m magge .thatvaa eka.m itthi.m maaresi.
2. So taasa.m yuvatiina.m taani vatthaani vikki.nitvaa taasa.m santikaa* muula.m labhissati.
3. Imissaa dhiitaro tamhaa vanamhaa imaani phalaani aahari.msu, a~n~naa naariyo taani khaaditu.m ga.nhi.msu.
4. Imaa sabbaa yuvatiyo ta.m aaraama.m gantvaa dhamma.m sutvaa Buddha.m padumehi puujessanti.
5. Ime manussaa yaani pu~n~nani vaa paapaani vaa karonti taani te anugacchanti***.
6. Tassaa ka~n~naaya maataa dakkhi.naaya disaaya ima.m gaama.m aagantvaa idha cira.m**** vasissati.
7. Tassa nattaa imassa bhaataraa saddhi.m Ko.lambanagara.m***** gantvaa taani bhan.daani vikki.nissati.
8. Taa naariyo etaasa.m sabbaasa.m kumaariina.m hatthesu padumaani .thapesu.m******, taa taani haritvaa cetiya.m puujesu.m.
9. Tassaa raajiniyaa etaa daasiyo imehi rukkhehi pupphaani ocinitvaa imaa maalaayo kari.msu.
10. Kesa.m so ima.m dhana.m datvaa sukha.m labhissati?
11. Yo magge gacchati, tassa putto sura.m pivitvaa ettha sayati.
12. Ke ta.m khetta.m******* gantvaa ti.na.m aaharitvaa imaasa.m gaaviina.m datvaa khiira.m labhitu.m icchanti?

* Santika = near (but here: taasa.m santikaa = from them).
** Muula (n) money, cash.
*** Anugacchati = follows.
**** Cira.m (m) for a long time.
***** Ko.lambanagara = Colombo.
****** 3rd person plural of the Past Tense.
******* Khetta (n) field.

Translate into Pali

1. A certain man having gone to that cemetery gathered those flowers and brought them here.
2. This lioness having come out from those forest killed a cow in this place*.
3. The husband of that woman bought these clothes from that market and gave them to his grandsons.
4. Whose servants will go to Colombo to buy goods for you and me?
5. Tomorrow his brothers will go to that forest and collect honey and fruits.
6. Her sisters went to that field (in order) to bring grass for these cows.
7. I got these lotuses and flowers from a certain woman of that village.
8. Today all maidens of this city will go to that river and will bathe in it.
9. They brought those goods to a merchant in that market.
10. Having sold those cows to the merchants, they bought clothes, garlands and umbrellas with that money.
11. Who are those men that** killed a lion yesterday in this forest?
12. Which woman stole her garland and ran through this street?

* Place = .thaana (n).
** Use the relative pronoun "ya".

The Verbal Adjectives or Participles

50. Participles are a kind of adjectives formed from the verbal bases. Like verbs they are divided into Present, Past and Future; and each group is again divided into Active and Passive. Being adjectives they are declined in all the genders.

The Present Active Participles are formed by adding "nta" or "maana" to the verbal base, e.g.,

• gaccha + nta = gacchanta = going
• gaccha + maana = gacchamaana = going
• paca + nta = pacanta = cooking
• paca + maana = pacamaana = cooking

51. Declension of the Present Participle

and so on like kumaarii.

The rest is similar to that of the masculine.

The following are declined similarly:-

• pacanta = cooking
• karonta = doing
• caranta = walking
• dhaavanta = running
• nahaayanta = bathing
• hasanta = laughing
• bhu~njanta = eating
• sayanta = sleeping
• passanta = looking at, seeing
• nisiidanta = sitting
• haranta = carrying
• ki.nanta = buying
• ti.t.thanta = standing
• aaharanta = bringing
• viharanta = living, residing
• vikki.nanta = selling
• dadanta = giving
• rodanta = crying

52. A. All of these have another form ending in -maana, like gacchamaana. In that form, they are declined like nara in the masculine, vanitaa in the feminine, and nayana in the neuter.

B. These participles take the gender, number and case of the substantive in forming sentences, e.g.

• Ti.t.thanto go.no ti.na.m khaadati = The bull which is standing eats grass, or
• Go.no ti.t.tha.m ti.na.m khaadati = The bull eats the grass standing.

C. Active Participles formed from the transitive bases often take an object, e.g.

Bhatta.m bhu~njanto = eating rice.

Exercise 18