Paali Primer

Lesson 32

1. Declension of Pronouns

There are relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns of all three genders. They are declined in all cases except the vocative. They become adjectives when they qualify other nouns.

2. Masculine gender, singular number

3. Neuter gender, singular number

The rest is similar to the masculine declension.

4. Feminine gender, singular number

5. Masculine gender, plural number

6. Neuter gender, plural number

The rest is similar to the masculine declension.

7. Feminine gender, plural number

8. The indefinite particle ci

The indefinite particle ci (Skt. cid) is appended to the case forms of the interrogative pronoun, expressing ideas such as anyone, whichever, whoever, e.g.

9. Pronominal Adverbs

10. Examples in sentence formation

1. Yo attha~n~nu hoti so kumaare anusaasitu.m aagacchatu.
   May he who is benevolent come to admonish the boys.
2. Ya.m aha.m aaka`nkhamaano ahosi.m so aagato hoti.
   He whom I was expecting has come.
3. Yena maggena so aagato tena gantu.m aha.m icchaami.
   By which road he came, I wish to go by the same.
4. Yassa saa bhariyaa hoti so bhattaa pu~n~navanto hoti.
   He is a fortunate husband whose wife she is.
5. Yasmi.m hatthe daddu atthi tena hatthena patto na ga.nhitabbo hoti.
   The bowl should not be taken by the hand which has eczema on it.
6. Yaani kammaani sukha.m aavahanti (bring) taani pu~n~naani honti.
   Those actions which bring happiness are meritorious.
7. Yaa bhariyaa siilavatii hoti saa bhattuno piyaayati.
   The wife who is virtuous is dear to the husband.
8. Yaaya raajiniyaa saa vaapii kaaraapitaa ta.m aha.m na anussaraami.
   I do not remember the queen by whom that tank was built.
9. Yassa.m sabhaaya.m so katha.m pavattesi tattha bahuu manussaa sannipatitaa abhavi.msu/ahesu.m.
   The meeting where he made a speech, there many people gathered.
10. Yaasa.m itthiina.m ma~njuusaasu suva.n.na.m atthi taayo dvaaraani thaketvaa gehehi nikkhamanti.
    Those women in whose boxes there is gold close the doors and go out.
11. Yaasu itthiisu kodho natthi taayo viniitaa bhariyaayo ca maataro ca bhavanti.
    Women in whom there is no anger become disciplined wives and mothers.
12. Yattha bhuupatayo dhammikaa honti tattha manussaa sukha.m vindanti.
    Where kings are righteous, there the men enjoy happiness.
13. Yato bhaanumaa ravi loka.m obhaaseti tato cakkhumantaa ruupaani passanti.
    Since the radiant sun illuminates the world, (therefore) those who have eyes see objects.
14. Yathaa Bhagavaa dhamma.m deseti, tathaa tumhehi pa.tipajjitabba.m.
    Just as the Blessed One preaches the doctrine, so should you conduct yourselves.
15. Yasmaa pitaro rukkhe ropesu.m, tasmaa maya.m phalaani bhu~njaama.
    Because fathers planted trees, (therefore) we enjoy fruits.
16. Yaada amhehi icchita.m patthita.m samijjhati tadaa amhe modaama.
    When our wishes and aspirations are fulfilled, then we are happy.
17. Ko tva.m asi? Ke tumhe hotha?
    Who are you (sg.)? Who are you (pl.)?
18. Kena dhenu a.taviyaa aaniitaa?
    By whom was the cow brought from the forest?
19. Kassa bhuupatinaa paasaado kaaraapito?
    For whom was the palace built by the king?
20. Kasmaa amhehi sacca.m bhaasitabba.m?
    Why should we speak the truth?
21. Asappurisehi paalite diipe kuto maya.m dhammika.m vinetaara.m labhissaama?
    In an island governed by wicked men where will we get a righteous disciplinarian?
22. Kehi kata.m kamma.m disvaa tumhe kujjhatha?
    Seeing whose work (lit. done by whom) do you get angry?
23. Kesa.m nattaaro tuyha.m ovaade .thassanti?
    Whose grandsons will stand by your advice?
24. Kehi ropitaasu lataasu pupphaani ca phalaani ca bhavanti?
    On the creepers planted by whom are there flowers and fruits?
25. Kaaya itthiyaa paadesu daddu atthi?
    On the feet of which woman is there eczema?

Exercise 32