An Elementary Pali Course Lesson IV

Exercise 4-A: Translate into English.

1. Saku.naa rukkhesu vasanti.
birds / on trees / dwell
The birds dwell on trees.

2. Kassako ma~nce supati.
farmer / on bed / sleeps
The farmer sleeps on the bed.

3. Maya.m magge na kii.laama.
we / on road / do not play
We do not play on the road.

4. Naraa loke uppajjanti.
people / in world / are born
People are born in the world.

5. Maggika, kuhi.m tva.m gacchasi?
traveller / where? / you / go
Traveller, where are you going?

6. Aama sadaa te na ugga.nhanti.
yes / always / they / not / learn
Yes, they are not always learning.

7. Macchaa ta.laake kii.lanti.
fish / in pond / play
The fish (pl.) play in the pond.

8. Kuto tva.m aagacchasi? … Janaka aha.m idaani aaraamasmaa aagacchaami.
whence? / you / come / father / I / now / from temple / come
Whence come you? … Father, I am coming from the temple now.
Where are you coming from? … Father, I am coming from the temple now.

9. Kassakaa sabbadaa gaamesu na vasanti.
farmers / everyday / in villages / do not dwell
The farmers do not dwell in the villages everyday.

10. Kasmaa tumhe ma~ncesu na supatha?
why / you / on beds / do not sleep
Why do you not sleep on the beds?

11. Maya.m sama.nehi saddhi.m* aaraame vasaama.
we / with ascetics / in temple / dwell
We dwell in the temple with the ascetics.

12. Macchaa ta.laakesu ca samuddesu ca uppajjanti.
fish / in ponds and / in seas and / are born
The fish (pl.) are born in the ponds and seas.

13. Aha.m aakaase suriya.m passaami, na ca canda.m.
I / in sky / sun / see / but not / moon
I see the sun in the sky, but not the moon.

14. Ajja vaa.nijo aapa.ne vasati.
today / merchant / in shop / dwells
Today the merchant dwells in the shop.

15. Kasmaa tumhe daarakehi saddhi.m magge kii.latha?
why? / you / with children / on road / play
Why do you play on the road with the children?

16. Aama, idaani so* 'pi gacchati, aham** 'pi gacchaami.
yes / now / he too / goes / I too / go
Yes, now he is going and I am going too.

17. Maggikaa maggesu vicaranti.
travellers / on roads / wander
The travellers wander on the roads.

18. Kassakaa, kadaa tumhe puna idha aagacchatha?
farmers / when? / you / again / here / come
Farmers, when are you coming here again?

19. Aacariya, sabbadaa maya.m Buddha.m vandaama.
teacher / everyday / we / Buddha / salute
Teacher, we salute the Buddha everyday.

20. Vaa.nijaa maggikehi saddhi.m rathehi gaamesu vicaranti.
merchants / with travellers / by chariots / in villages / go about
The merchants, with the travellers, go about in the villages by chariots.

* The words 'saha' and 'saddhi.m' are indeclinables. They are used only to express the meaning of accompaniment. One exception is when "talking" or "discussing" with a person, there is no need for 'saha' and 'saddhi.m'. [See Warder's Lesson 8 for more details.]

** so + api = so'pi.

*** The vowel following a niggahita (.m) is often dropped, and the niggahita is changed into the nasal of the group consonant that immediately follows; e.g. aha.m + api = aham'pi.

Exercise 4-B: Translate into Pali.

1. He is playing on the road.
so / kii.lati / magge
So magge kii.lati.

2. The farmers live in the villages.
kassakaa / vasanti / gaamesu
Kassakaa gaamesu vasanti.

3. I do not see birds in the sky.
aha.m / na passaami / saku.ne / aakaasamhi
Aha.m aakaasamhi saku.ne na passaami.

4. The Buddhas are not born in the world everyday.
Buddhaa / na uppajjanti / lokasmi.m / sabbadaa
Buddhaa sabbadaa lokasmi.m na uppajjanti.

5. Travellers, from where are you coming now?
maggikaa / kuto? / tumhe / aagacchatha / idaani
Maggikaa, tumhe kuto idaani aagacchatha?

6. We see fishes in the ponds.
maya.m / passaama / macche / ta.laakesu
Maya.m ta.laakesu macche passaama.

7. O farmers, when do you come here again?
kassakaa / kadaa? / tumhe / aagacchatha / idha / puna
Kassakaa, kadaa tumhe puna idha aagacchatha?

8. The travellers are wandering in the world.
maggikaa / vicaranti / loke
Maggikaa loke vicaranti.

9. We do not see the sun and the moon in the sky now.
maya.m / na passaama / suriya.m ca / canda.m ca / aakaasamhi / idaani
Idaani maya.m aakaasamhi suriya.m ca canda.m ca na passaama.

10. Why do not ascetics live always in the mountains?
kasmaa? / sama.naa / vasanti / sadaa / pabbatesu
Kasmaa sama.naa sadaa pabbatesu na vasanti?

11. Yes, father, we are not playing in the garden today.
aama / janaka / maya.m / na kii.lanti / aaraame / ajja
Aama janaka, maya.m ajja aaraame na kii.laama.

12. Why do not the sick sleep on beds?
kasmaa? / gilaanaa / na supanti / ma~ncesu
Kasmaa gilaanaa ma~ncesu na supanti?

13. O merchants, where are you always wandering?
vaa.nijaa / kuhi.m? / tumhe / sadaa / vicaratha
Vaa.nijaa, kuhi.m sadaa tumhe vicaratha?

14. Children, you are always playing with the dogs in the tank.
daarakaa / tumhe / sadaa / kii.latha / sunakehi saddhi.m / ta.laake
Daarakaa, sadaa tumhe sunakehi saddhi.m ta.laake kii.latha.

15. Teachers and pupils are living in the monastery now.
aacariyaa ca / sissaa ca / vasanti / aaraame / idaani
Aacariyaa ca sissaa ca idaani aaraame vasanti.

16. Yes, they are also going.
aama / te / api / gacchanti
Aama, te'pi gacchanti.