An Elementary Pali Course Lesson XVII

Exercise 18-A: Translate into English.

1. "Nam'atthu* satthuno."
may praise be / to the teacher
"Praise be to the teacher!"

2. "Tayaa suta.m dhamma.m amhe'pi saavehi."
by you / heard / doctrine / us-too / (may) cause to hear
"May (you) cause us also to hear the doctrine heard by you.

3. Satthaa saavake (or saavakehi) dhamma.m desaapeti.
teacher / disciples / Dhamma / causes to preach
The teacher gets the disciples to preach the Dhamma.

4. Pitaa putta.m gaama.m gameti.
father / son / [to] village / causes to go
The father makes the son go to the village.

5. Maataa attano dhiitara.m nahaapetvaa paa.thasaala.m pesesi.
mother / own / daughter / having caused to bathe / [to] school / sent
The mother got her own daughter to bathe and sent her to the school.

6. Bhattaa attano bhariyaaya atithayo sa`nga.nhaapesi.
husband / own / by wife / guests / caused to treat
The husband got his wife to treat the guests.
Alt: The husband got his wife to treat the guests.

7. Dhiitaro, daasehi daaruuni aaharaapetvaa aggi.m daapetha.
daughters / servants / firewood / having caused to bring / fire / kindle!
Daughters, get the servants to bring the firewood and kindle the fire!

8. Dhiituuhi maataro ca pitaro ca rakkhitabbaa, maatuuhi ca pituuhi ca dhiitaro rakkhitabbaa.
daughters / by mothers and / by fathers and / should be protected / mothers and / fathers and / by daughters / should be protected
Parents should be protected by daughters, daughters should be protected by parents.

9. Maataa dhiitare satthaara.m vandaapeti.
mother / daughters / teacher / causes to salute
The mother makes the daughters salute the teacher.

10. Aha.m maatuyaa ca pitaraa ca saddhi.m aaraama.m gantvaa te dhamma.m saavessaami.
I / with mother and / with father and / to temple / having gone / them / Dhamma / will cause to hear
I will go to the temple with mother and father, and get them to listen to the Dhamma.

11. Maatula, maya.m pana tava nattaaro homa.
uncle / we / but / your / nephews / are
But, uncle, we are your nephews.

Tasmaa no saadhuka.m ugga.nhaapehi.
therefore / us / well / teach
Therefore, teach us well.

12. Satthaa sotaare saccaani bodhento gaamaa gaama.m nagaraa nagara.m vicarati.
teacher / [to] hearers / truths / making known / from village / [to] village / from city / [to] city / wanders
From village to village, from city to city, the teacher wanders making the truths known to listeners.

13. Tesa.m ra.t.the dhitimante netaare na passaama.
their / in country / courageous / leaders / (we) do not see
We do not see the courageous leaders in their country.

14. Maatari ca pitari ca aadarena mayha.m bhattaa attano dhanena mahanta.m ghara.m kaaraapetvaa te tattha vasaapesi.
towards mother and / towards father and / with care / my / husband / own / with wealth / big / house / caused to be built / them / there / caused to live
With care towards mother and father, my husband got the big house built with his own money and got them to live there.

* Namo + atthu = nam'atthu.
atthu -- Benedictive mood 3rd person singular of asa (to be).

Exercise 18-B: Translate into Pali.

1. Talkers are not always doers.
vattaaro / na honti / sadaa / kattaaro
Vattaaro kattaaro sadaa na honti.

2. The leaders are not always conquerors.
netaaro / na honti / sadaa / jetaaro
Netaaro jetaaro sadaa na honti.

3. My father taught my brother well and made him a leader of the country.
mama / pitaa / ugga.nhaapetvaa / me / bhaatara.m / saadhuka.m / kaaresi / (ta.m) / netaara.m / ra.t.thassa
Mama pitaa me bhaatara.m saadhuka.m ugga.nhaapetvaa ra.t.thassa netaara.m kaaresi.

4. I made my mother give alms to the disciples of the Teacher.
aha.m / me / maatara.m / daapayaami / daana.m / saavakaana.m / satthussa
Aha.m me maatara.m satthussa saavakaana.m daana.m daapayaami.

5. My nephew is reading the letter sent by his father.
mayha.m / nattaa / vaaceti / lekhana.m / pesita.m / tassa / pitaraa
Mayha.m nattaa tassa pitaraa pesita.m lekhana.m vaaceti.

6. Virtuous daughters cause their husbands to treat their mothers and fathers well.
gu.navantaa / dhiitaro / taasaana.m / bhattaaro / sa`nga.nhaapenti / taasaana.m / pitaro ca / maataro ca / saadhuka.m
Gu.navantaa dhiitaro taasaana.m pitaro ca maataro ca taasaana.m bhattaaro saadhuka.m sa`nga.nhaapenti.

7. Daily my father and mother cultivate good-will towards all beings and advise us also to do likewise.
sabbadaa / amha.m / pitaa ca / maataa ca / katvaa / metta.m / sabbesu / sattesu / ovadanti / amhe / api / kaatu.m / tathaa
Sabbadaa amha.m pitaa ca maataa ca sabbesu sattesu metta.m katvaa amhe'pi tathaa kaatu.m ovadanti.

8. Of my two brothers one is a talker and the other is a doer.
mama.m / dviisu / bhaatusu / eko / hoti / vattaa / aparo / hoti / kattaa
Mama.m dviisu bhaatusu eko vattaa hoti aparo kattaa hoti.

9. I do not cause my servants to give food to my husband.
aha.m / na daapemi / (me) / daase / aahaara.m / me / bhattu
Aha.m me bhattu aahaara.m daase na daapemi.

10. Let the Teacher cause the monks to preach the Doctrine.
satthaa / desaapetu / bhikkhuubhi / Dhamma.m
Satthaa bhikkhuubhi Dhamma.m desaapetu.

There will be knowers.
bhavissanti* / ~naataaro
~Naataaro bhavissanti.

They will understand the Truth and make others realise their Deliverance.
te / bujjhitvaa / Dhamma.m / bodhessanti / apare / tesa.m / mutti.m
Te Dhamma.m bujjhitvaa apare tesa.m mutti.m bodhessanti.**

11. Our fathers made our brothers cut the trees in the garden.
amhaaka.m / pitaa / chindenti / amhaaka.m / bhaataro / rukkhe / aaraame
Amhaaka.m pitaa amhaaka.m bhaataro aaraame rukkhe chindenti.

12. The conquerors caused the people to erect a large hall in the kingdom.
jetaaro / kaaresu.m / purise / eka.m / mahanta.m / saala.m / ra.t.the
Jetaaro purise ra.t.the eka.m mahanta.m saala.m kaaresu.m.

13. Daughters, you should not do evil, nor cause others to do evil.
dhiitaro / tumhe / na kareyyaatha / paapa.m / eva / na kaaraapeyyaatha / (para.m) / (kaatu.m) / (paapa.m)
Dhiitaro, tumhe paapa.m n'eva kareyyaatha na kaaraapeyyaatha.

14. The monks should neither dig the ground nor cause others to dig the ground.
bhikkhavo / na kha.neyyu.m / bhuumi.m / eva / na kha.naapeyyu.m / (para.m) / (kha.nitu.m) / (bhuumi.m)
Bhikkhavo bhuumi.m n'eva kha.neyyu.m na kha.naapeyyu.m.

* See Warder p.54, under Future Tense, where he states: "(as and other verbs meaning 'to be' rarely form their own futures, bhavissati is used for all of them)"

** See Warder p.80 for further information on the order of accusatives with causative verbs.