Introduction to Pali Exercise 19

[Page 145]

Passage for Reading:—

Passage 1

te ta.m sattha.m dviidhaa vibhaji.msu ekato pañca saka.ta-sataani ekato pañca saka.ta-sataani.
they / this / caravan / in two / divided / one / five / hundred carts / one / five / hundred carts
They divided the caravan into two parts, each with five hundred carts.

eko taava satthavaaho bahu.m ti.nañ ca ka.t.thañ ca udakañ ca aaropetvaa sattha.m payaapesi.
one / now / caravan leader / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water and / having collected / caravan / set out
Then one of the caravan leaders collected much grass, firewood and water and set out.

dviiha-tiiha-payaato kho pana so sattho addasa purisa.m kaa.la.m lohit-akkha.m apanaddha-kalaapa.m kumuda-maali.m alla-vattha.m alla-kesa.m kaddama-makkhiitehi cakkehi gadrabhara-rathena pa.tipatha.m aagacchanta.m.
two days, three days, set out / indeed / then / this / caravan / saw / man / black / red-eyed / tied quiver / white water-lily garland / wet clothes / wet hair / mud smeared / with wheels / by donkey-cart / in the opposite direction / coming
After two or three days journey, he saw coming in the opposite direction a red-eyed, black man, with a quiver attached, a garland of white water-lilies, wet clothes and hair, and a donkey cart with mud-spattered wheels.

disvaa etad avoca: kuto bho aagacchasii ti. amukamhaa janapadaa ti.
having seen / thus / said / from where / friend / you have come / (end-quote) / from such and such / place / (end-quote)
On seeing him, he said: “Where have you come from, friend?” “From such and such a place.”

kuhi.m gamissasii ti. amuka.m naama janapadan ti.
to where / you go / (end-quote) / to such and such / indeed / place / (end-quote)
“And where are you going?” “To such and such a place.”

kacci bho purato kantaare mahaamegho abhippava.t.to ti.
did / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy rain / (end-quote)
“Friend, was there much rain in the wilderness ahead?”

eva.m kho bho purato kantaare mahaamegho abhippava.t.to,
yes / indeed / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy rain
“Yes indeed, friend, there is much rain in the wilderness ahead,

aasitt-odakaani va.tumaani, bahu.m ti.nañ ca ka.t.thañ ca udakañ ca,
poured water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water / and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and water.

cha.d.detha bho puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,

lahu-bhaarehi saka.tehi siigha.m siigha.m gacchatha,
light load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.

maa yoggaani kilamethaa ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen.”

atha kho so satthavaaho satthike aamantesi:
then / indeed / this / caravan leader / caravan merchants / addressed
Then the caravan leader addressed the caravan merchants:

aya.m bho puriso evam aaha:
this / friend / man / thus / said
“This man has told me:

purato kantaare mahaamegho abhippava.t.to,
ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy rain
‘There is much rain in the wilderness ahead,

aasit-todakaani va.tumaani, bahu.m ti.nañ ca ka.t.thañ ca udakañ ca,
poured water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water / and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and water.

cha.d.detha bho puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,

lahu-bhaarehi saka.tehi siigha.m siigha.m gacchatha,
light load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.

maa yoggaani kilamethaa ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen.’

cha.d.detha bho puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
So throw away your old grass, firewood and water,

lahu-bhaarehi saka.tehi sattha.m payaapethaa ti.
light load / with carts / caravan / make proceed
and have your caravan proceed with the carts lightly loaded.”

eva.m bho ti kho te satthikaa tassa satthavaahassa pa.tissutvaa,
yes / friend / (end-quote) / these / caravan / merchants / to this / to the caravan leader / having replied
“Yes, friend”, these caravan merchants replied to the leader,

cha.d.detvaa puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani lahubhaarehi saka.tehi sattha.m payaapesu.m.
having thrown away / old / grass / firewood / water / light load / with carts / caravan / (they) set out
and they threw away their old grass, firewood and water, and they proceeded with carts lightly loaded.

te pa.thame pi sattha-vaase na addasa.msu ti.na.m vaa ka.t.tha.m vaa udaka.m vaa,
they / at the first / caravan site / not / they saw / grass / or / firewood / or / water / or
At the first caravan site they did not see any grass, firewood, or water,

dutiye pi satthavaase …, tatiye pi satthavaase …, catutthe pi satthavaase …, pañcame pi satthavaase …, cha.t.the pi satthavaase …,
at the second / too / caravan site / at the third / too / caravan site / at the fourth / too / caravan site / at the fifth / too / caravan site / at the sixth / too / caravan site
nor at the second, nor at the third, nor at the fourth, nor at the fifth, nor at the sixth,

sattame pi satthavaase na addasa.msu ti.na.m vaa ka.t.tha.m vaa udaka.m vaa,
at the seventh / too / caravan site / not / they saw / grass / or / firewood / or / water / or
nor at the seventh caravan site did they see any grass, firewood, or water.

sabbe va anaya-vyasana.m aapajji.msu.
all / thus / misfortune / disaster / they arrived
Thus they all arrived at misfortune and disaster.

ye ca tasmi.m satthe ahesu.m manussaa vaa pasuu vaa sabbe so yakkho amanusso bhakkhesi, a.t.thikaan’ eva sesesi.
whatever / and / in this / caravan / there were / men / or / beasts / or / all / this / demon / not human / ate / bones / just / remained
And whatever there were in this caravan, men or animals, they were all eaten by a non-human spirit, and only their bones remained.

yadaa aññaasi dutiyo satthavaaho: bahu-nikkhanto kho daani so sattho ti,
when / he khew / second / caravan leader / much gone forth / indeed / then / this / caravan / (end-quote)
When the second caravan leader knew that the other caravan had gone far enough ahead,

bahu.m ti.nañ ca ka.t.thañ ca udakañ ca aaropetvaa sattha.m payaapesi.
much / grass / and / firewood / and / water and / having collected / caravan / set out
he collected much grass, firewood and water and set out.

dviiha-tiiha-payaato kho pana so sattho addasa purisa.m kaa.la.m lohit-akkha.m apanaddha-kalaapa.m kumuda-maali.m alla-vattha.m alla-kesa.m kaddama-makkhiitehi cakkehi gadrabhara-rathena pa.tipatha.m aagacchanta.m.
two days, three days, set out / indeed / then / this / caravan / saw / man / black / red-eyed / tied quiver / white water-lily garland / wet clothes / wet hair / mud smeared / with wheels / by donkey-cart / in the opposite direction / coming
After two or three days journey, he saw coming in the opposite direction a red-eyed, black man, with a quiver attached, a garland of white water-lilies, wet clothes and hair, and a donkey cart with mud-spattered wheels.

disvaa etad avoca: kuto bho aagacchasii ti. amukamhaa janapadaa ti.
having seen / thus / said / from where / friend / you have come / (end-quote) / from such and such / place / (end-quote)
On seeing him, he said: “Where have you come from, friend?” “From such and such a place.”

kuhi.m gamissasii ti. amuka.m naama janapadan ti.
to where / you go / (end-quote) / to such and such / indeed / place / (end-quote)
“And where are you going?” “To such and such a place.”

kacci bho purato kantaare mahaamegho abhippava.t.to ti.
did / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy rain / (end-quote)
“Friend, was there much rain in the wilderness ahead?”

eva.m kho bho purato kantaare mahaamegho abhippava.t.to,
yes / indeed / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy rain
“Yes indeed, friend, there is much rain in the wilderness ahead,

aasitt-odakaani va.tumaani, bahu.m ti.nañ ca ka.t.thañ ca udakañ ca,
poured water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water / and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and water.

cha.d.detha bho puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,

lahu-bhaarehi saka.tehi siigha.m siigha.m gacchatha,
light load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.

maa yoggaani kilamethaa ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen.”

atha kho so satthavaaho satthike aamantesi:
then / indeed / this / caravan leader / caravan merchants / addressed
Then the caravan leader addressed the caravan merchants:

aya.m bho puriso evam aaha:
this / friend / man / thus / said
“This man has told me:

purato kantaare mahaamegho abhippava.t.to,
ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy rain
‘There is much rain in the wilderness ahead,

aasit-todakaani va.tumaani, bahu.m ti.nañ ca ka.t.thañ ca udakañ ca,
poured water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water / and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and water.

cha.d.detha bho puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,

lahu-bhaarehi saka.tehi siigha.m siigha.m gacchatha,
light load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.

maa yoggaani kilamethaa ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen.’

aya.m kho bho puriso n’ ev’ amhaaka.m mitto na pi ñaati-saalohito, katha.m maya.m imassa saddhaaya gamissaama.
This / indeed / fellow / man / not / even / our / friend / not / also / kinsman-relative / why / we/ on this / faith / we will go
Indeed this man is not even our friend or blood relation, why should we go on his word?

na kho cha.d.dhetabbaani puraa.naani ti.naani ka.t.thaani udakaani, yathaakatena bha.n.dena sattha.m paayaapetha,
not / indeed / to be thrown away / old / grass / firewood / water / with the usual / load / caravan / set out
Do not throw away your old grass, firewood and water, and set out your caravan with the usual load,

na no puraa.na.m cha.d.dessaamaa ti.
not / our / old / we will throw out / (end-quote)
we will not discard our old load.”

eva.m bho ti kho te satthikaa tassa satthavaahassa pa.tissutvaa yathaakatena bha.n.dena sattha.m payaapesu.m.
yes / friend / (end-quote) / these / caravan merchants / to this / caravan leader / having replied / with the usual / load / caravam / they set out
“Yes, friend”, the caravan merchants replied to the caravan leader, and they set out with their caravans loaded as before.

te pa.thamehi sattha-vaase na addasa.msu ti.na.m vaa ka.t.tha.m vaa udaka.m vaa,
they / at the first / caravan site / not / they saw / grass / or / firewood / or / water / or
At the first caravan site they did not see any grass, firewood, or water,

dutiye pi satthavaase …, tatiye pi satthavaase …, catutthe pi satthavaase …, pañcame pi satthavaase …, cha.t.the pi satthavaase …,
at the second / too / caravan site / at the third / too / caravan site / at the fourth / too / caravan site / at the fifth / too / caravan site / at the sixth / too / caravan site
nor at the second, nor at the third, nor at the fourth, nor at the fifth, nor at the sixth,

sattame pi satthavaase na addasa.msu ti.na.m vaa ka.t.tha.m vaa udaka.m vaa,
at the seventh / too / caravan site / not / they saw / grass / or / firewood / or / water / or
nor at the seventh caravan site did they see any grass, firewood, or water.

tañ ca sattha.m addasa.msu anaya-vyasana.m aapanna.m.
that / and / caravan / they saw / misfortune-disaster / fallen upon
They saw the caravan that had fallen upon misfortune and disaster.

ye va tasmi.m satthe ahesu.m manussaa vaa pasuu vaa, tesañ ca a.t.thikaan’ eva addasa.msu tena yakkhena amanussena bhakkhitaana.m.
whatever / thus / in this / caravan / there were / men / or / beasts / or / of these / and / bones / thus / they saw / by this / demon / not human / of the eaten
And thus they saw the bones of whatever there were in this caravan, men or animals, who had been eaten by a non-human spirit.

atha kho so satthavaaho satthike aamantesi:
then / indeed / this / caravan leader / caravan merchants / addressed
Then the caravan leader addressed the caravan merchants

aya.m kho bho sattho anaya-vyasana.m aapanno yathaa ta.m tena baalena satthavaahena pari.naayakena.
this / indeed / fellow / caravan / misfortune-disaster / fallen upon / just as / this / by that / foolish / caravan leader / guide
“This caravan has fallen upon misfortune and disaster due to its foolish leader.

tena hi bho yaan’ asmaaka.m satthe appa-saaraani pa.niiyaani, taani cha.d.detvaa, yaani imasmi.m satthe mahaa-saaraani pa.niyaani taani aadiyathaa ti.
so / friend / which / in our / caravan / little-value / commodities / those / having thrown away / which / in this / caravan / great-value / commodities / those / take / (end-quote)
So, friends, throw away those commodities of little value in our caravan, and take what is of great value in that caravan.”

eva.m bho ti kho te satthikaa tassa satthavaahassa pa.tissutvaa
yes / friend / (end-quote) / indeed / these / caravan merchants / to this / caravan leader / having replied
“Yes, friend”, the caravan merchants replied to the caravan leader,

yaani sakasmi.m satthe appa-saaraani pa.niyaani taani cha.d.detvaa yaani tasmi.m satthe mahaa-saaraani pa.niyaani taani aadiyitvaa,
which / in their own / caravan / little-value / commodities / those / having thrown away / which / in this / caravan / great-value / commodities / those / having taken
and they threw away those commodities of little value in their own caravan, and took what was of great value in that caravan,

sotthinaa ta.m kantaara.m nitthari.msu yathaa ta.m pa.n.ditena satthavaahena pari.naayakena.
with safety / that / wilderness / they crossed through / just as / that / by the wise / caravan leader / guide
and so they crossed through the wilderness safely with the wise caravan leader guiding them.

[D.II.343-6 – xxiii.23]

Passage 2

eva.m me suta.m.
thus / by me / heard
Thus have I heard.

eka.m samaya.m bhagavaa Maagadhesu caarika.m caramaano mahataa bhikkhu-sa.mghena saddhi.m yena Khaa.numata.m naama Maagadhaana.m braahma.na-gaamo tad avasari.
one / time / the Blessed One / among the Magadhans / journey / travelling / great / monk-group / with / towards / Khanumata / named / of the Magadhans / Brahmin-village / there / he arrived
At one time, the Blessed was travelling among the Magadhans with a large group of monks and arrived in a Brahmin village of the Magadhans, named Khanumata.

tatra suda.m bhagavaa Khaa.numate viharati Ambala.t.thikaaya.m.
there / even / Blessed One / in Knanumata / was staying / at Ambalatthikaya
And there the Blessed One stayed at Ambalatthika.

tena kho pana samayena Kuu.tadanto braahma.no Khaa.numata.m ajjhaavasati satt-ussada.m sa-ti.na-ka.t.th-odaka.m sa-dhañña.m raja-bhogga.m raññaa Maagadhena Seniyena Bimbisaarena dinna.m raja-daaya.m brahmadeyya.m.
at that / indeed/ then / time / Kutadanta / Brahmin / in Khanumata / inhabited / beings-abundance / with-grass-timber-water / with-grain / royal-property / by the king / Magadhan / Seniya / Bimbisara / given / royal-gift / grant
Then at that time the Brahmin Kutadanta inhabited Khanumata, a populous place with grass, timber, water and grain, crown-property that had been given as a royal gift and grant by the Magadhan king Seniya Bimbisara.

tena kho pana samayena Kuu.tadanto braahma.no upari paasaade divaaseyya.m upagato hoti.
at that / indeed/ then / time / Kutadanta / Brahmin / upon / palace / day bed / gone up / is
Now the Brahmin Kutadanta had gone up to his day bed on his palace balcony.

addasaa kho Kuu.tadanto braahma.no Khaa.numatake braahma.na-gahapatike Khaa.numataa nikkhamitvaa sa.mghaasa.mghii-ga.niibhuute yena Ambala.t.thikaa ten’ upasa.mkamante.
he saw / indeed / Kutadanta / Brahmin / Khanumatikan / Brahmin-householders / Khanumata / having departed / in groups-crowded together / towards / Ambalatthika / there / approaching
And the Brahmin Kutadanta saw Brahmin householders from Khanumata crowded together in groups approaching Ambalatthika.

disvaa khatta.m aamantesi: kin nu kho bho khatte Khaa.numatakaa braahma.na-gahapatikaa Khaa.numataa nikkhamitvaa sa.mghaasa.mghii-ga.niibhuutaa yena Ambala.t.thikaa ten’ upasa.mkamantii ti.
having seen / steward / he addressed / what / is it / indeed / sir / steward / Khanumatikan / Brahmin-householders / Khanumata / having departed / in groups-crowded together / towards / Ambalatthika / there / approaching / (end-quote)
Having seen them he asked his steward: “Sir, why are the Brahmin householders from Khanumata crowded together in groups approaching Ambalatthika?”

atthi kho bho sama.no Gotamo Sakyaputto Sakyakulaa pabbajito.
it is / indeed / sir / ascetic / Gotama / Sakyan-son / from the Sakyan-clan / gone forth
“Sir, it is the ascetic Gotama, son of the Sakyans, gone forth from the Sakyan clan.

Maagadhesu caarika.m caramaano mahataa bhikkhusa.mghena saddhi.m anuppatto Khaa.numate viharati Ambala.t.thikaaya.m.
among the Magadhans / journey / travelling / great / monk-group / with / arrived / Khanumata / he is staying / at Ambalatthika
He was travelling among the Magadhans with a large group of monks and arrived in Khanumata and is staying at Ambalatthika.

ta.m ete bhavanta.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upsa.mkamantii ti.
this / they / venerable / Gotama / to see / approaching / (end-quote)
They are approaching to see this venerable Gotama.”

atha kho Kuu.tadantassa braahma.nassa etad ahosi:
then / indeed / to Kutadanta / the Brahmin / thus / it was
Then the Brahmin Kutadanta thought to himself:

suta.m kho pana m’ eta.m: sama.no Gotamo tividha-yañña-sampada.m jaanaatii ti.
heard / indeed / then / by me / this / ascetic / Gotama / triple-sacrifice-success / he knows / (end-quote)
“I have heard that the ascetic Gotama knows how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice.

na kho panaaha.m jaanaami tividha.m-yañña-sampada.m icchaami caaha.m mahaa-yañña.m yajitu.m.
not / indeed / then I / I know / triple-sacrifice-success / I wish / and I / great-sacrifice / to sacrifice
I don’t know how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice, and I wish to make a great sacrifice.

yan nuunaaha.m sama.na.m Gotama.m upasa.mkamitvaa tividha-yañña-sampada.m puccheyyan ti.
which / is it not I / ascetic / Gotama / having approached / triple-sacrifice-success / I ask / (end-quote)
Why don’t I approach the ascetic Gotama and ask him how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice?”

atha kho Kuu.tadanto braahma.no khatta.m aamantesi:
then / indeed / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / steward / addressed
Then the Brahmin Kutadanta addressed his steward:

tena hi bho khatte yena Khaa.numatakaa braahma.na-gahapatikaa ten' upasa.mkama,
well then / sir / steward / towards / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / there / approach
"Well then, my good man, approach these Brahmin householders of Khanumataka,

upasa.mkamitvaa Khaa.numatake braahma.na-gahapatike eva.m vadehi: Kuu.tadanto bho braahma.no evam aaha:
having approached / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / thus / say / Kutadanta / sir / Brahmin / thus / said
and tell them that the Brahmin Kutadanta said this:

aagamentu kira bhavanto, Kuu.tadanto pi braahma.no sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamissatii ti.
may they wait / really / gentlemen / Kutadanta / too / Brahmin / wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
'Please wait, gentlemen, the Brahmin Kutadanta will go to see the wanderer Gotama too.'"

eva.m bho ti kho so khattaa Kuu.tadantassa braahma.nassa pa.tissutvaa
yes / sir / (end-quote) / indeed / this / steward / to Kutadanta / the Brahmin / having replied
“Yes, sir”, the steward replied to Kutadanta the Brahmin,

yena Khaa.numatakaa braahma.na-gahapatikaa ten’ upasa.mkami,
towards / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / there / he approached
and he approached the Brahmin householders of Khanumataka,

upasa.mkamitvaa Khaa.numatake braahma.na-gahapatike eva.m vadehi: Kuu.tadanto bho braahma.no evam aaha:
having approached / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / thus / he said / Kutadanta / sir / Brahmin / thus / said
and told them that the Brahmin Kutadanta said this:

aagamentu kira bhavanto, Kuu.tadanto pi braahma.no sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamissatii ti.
may they wait / really / gentlemen / Kutadanta / too / Brahmin / wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
“Please wait, gentlemen, the Brahmin Kutadanta will go to see the wanderer Gotama too.”

tena kho pana samayena anekaani braahma.na-sataani Khaa.numate pa.tivasanti:
at that / indeed / time / many / Brahmin-hundreds / in Khanumata / they were living
Now at that time many hundreds of Brahmins were living in Khanumata

Kuu.tadantassa braahma.nassa mahaa-yañña.m anubhavissaamaa ti.
of Kutadanta / the Brahmin / great-sacrifice / we will participate / (end-quote)
in order to participate in the Brahmin Kutadanta’s great sacrifice,

assosu.m kho te braahma.naa:
they heard / indeed / these / Brahmins
and these Brahmins heard that

Kuu.tadanto kira braahma.no sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamissatii ti.
Kutadanta / really / Brahmin / wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
the Brahmin Kutadanta would go to see the wanderer Gotama.

atha kho te braahma.naa yena Kuu.tadanto braahma.no ten’ upasa.mkami.msu,
then / indeed / these / brahmins / towards / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / there / they approached
Then these Brahmins approached the Brahmin Kutadanta

upasa.mkamitvaa Kuu.tadanta.m braahma.na.m etad avocu.m:
having approached / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / thus / they said
and said to him:

sacca.m kira bhava.m Kuu.tadanto sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamissatii ti.
true / really / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
“Is it really true that the honourable Kutadanta will go to see the wanderer Gotama?”

eva.m kho me bho hoti: aham pi sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamissaamii ti.
yes / indeed / for me / sirs / it is / I / too / wanderer / Gotama / to see / I will approach / (end-quote)
“Yes, gentlemen, indeed it is so: I will go to see the wanderer Gotama.”

maa bhava.m Kuu.tadanto sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkami,
do not / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / approach
“May the honourable Kutadanta not go to see the wanderer Gotama,

na arahati bhava.m Kuu.tadanto sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitu.m.
not / it is fitting / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / to approach
it is not fitting that the honourable Kutadanta go to see the wanderer Gotama.

sace bhava.m Kuu.tadanto sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamissati,
if / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach
If the honourable Kutadanta goes to see the wanderer Gotama,

bhoto Kuu.tadantassa yaso haayissati, sama.nassa Gotamassa yaso abhiva.d.dhissati.
of the honourable / Kutadanta / fame / will diminish / of the wanderer / Gotama / fame / approach
then the honourable Kutadanta’s fame will diminish, and the wanderer Gotama’s fame will increase.

yam pi bhoto Kuu.tadantassa yaso haayissati, sama.nassa Gotamassa yaso abhiva.d.dhissati, iminaa p’a”ngena
which / and / of the honourable / Kutadanta / fame / will diminish / of the wanderer / Gotama / fame / approach / by this / quality
This being the case,

na arahati bhava.m Kuu.tadanto sama.na.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitu.m.
not / it is fitting / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / to approach
it is not fitting that the honourable Kutadanta go to see the wanderer Gotama.

sama.no tv’ eva Gotamo arahati bhavanta.m Kuu.tadanta.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitun ti.
wanderer / Gotama / but / it is fitting / honourable / Kutadanta / to see / to approach / (end-quote)
Rather, it is fitting that the wanderer Gotama come to see the honourable Kutadanta.”

eva.m vutte Kuu.tadanto braahma.no te braahma.ne etad avoca:
this / having been said / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / thus / spoke
When this was said, the Brahmin Kutadanta said:

tena hi bho mama pi su.naatha yathaa mayam eva arahaama ta.m bhavanta.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitu.m,
well then / sir / to me / too / listen / just as / we / thus / are fitting / this / honourable / Gotama / to see / to approach
“Well then, gentlemen, listen to me: indeed it is fitting that we go to see the honourable Gotama,

na tv’ eva arahati so bhava.m Gotamo amhaaka.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitu.m.
not / definitely / it is fitting / the / honourable / Gotama / us / to see / to approach
and it is definitely not fitting that the honourable Gotama come to see us.

sama.no khalu bho Gotamo Khaa.numata.m anuppatto, Khaa.numate viharati Ambala.t.thikaaya.m.
the wanderer / indeed / Gotama / Khanumata / arrived / in Khanumata / is living / at Ambalatthika
The wanderer Gotama has arrived in Khanumata and is living here at Ambalatthika,

ye kho pana ke ci sama.naa vaa braahma.naa vaa amhaaka.m gaama-kkhetta.m aagacchanti atithii no te honti.
which / indeed / then / whatever / wanderers / or / Brahmins / or / us / village-field / they come / guests / our / they / are
and whatever wanderers or Brahmins come to our village and fields are our guests.

atithii kho pan’ amhehi sakkaatabbaa garukaatabbaa maanetabbaa puujetabbaa.
guests / indeed / then / by us / should be entertained / should be shown respect / should be revered / should be honoured
Indeed guests should be entertained, shown respect, revered and honoured by us.

yam pi bho sama.no Gotamo Khaa.numata.m anuppatto Khaa.numate viharati Ambala.t.thikaaya.m atith’ amhaaka.m sama.no Gotamo.
which / and / sir / the wanderer / Gotama / Khanumata / arrived / in Khanumata / is living / at Ambalatthika / guest / our / the wanderer / Gotama
And since, gentlemen, the wanderer Gotama has arrived in Khanumata and is living here at Ambalatthika, then he is our guest,

atithi kho pan’ amhehi sakkaatabbo garukaatabbo maanetabbo puujetabbo.
guest / indeed / then / by us / should be entertained / should be shown respect / should be revered / should be honoured
and a guest should be entertained, shown respect, revered and honoured by us.

iminaa p’ a”ngena na arahati so bhava.m Gotamo amhaaka.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitu.m,
by this / and / quality / not / it is fitting / the / honourable / Gotama / us / to see / to approach
And thus it is not fitting that the honourable Gotama come to see us,

atha kho mayam eva arahaama ta.m bhavanta.m Gotama.m dassanaaya upasa.mkamitun ti.
Then / indeed / we / thus / are fitting / this / honourable / Gotama / to see / to approach / (end-quote)
but rather it is fitting that we go to see the honourable Gotama.”

atha kho Kuu.tadanto braahma.no mahataa braahma.na-ga.nena saddhi.m yena Ambala.t.thikaa yena bhagavaa ten’ upasa.mkami,
then / indeed / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / with a great / Brahmin-group / with / towards / Ambalatthika / towards / the Blessed One / there / he approached
Then the Brahmin Kutadanta with a large group of Brahmins went to Ambalatthika and approached the Blessed One,

upasa.mkamitvaa bhagavataa saddhi.m sammodi sammodaniiya.m katha.m saaraa.niiya.m viitisaaretvaa ekamanta.m nisiidi.
having approached / with the Blessed One / with / exchanged greetings / agreeable / speech / polite / having greeted / one side / he sat down
then he greeted the Blessed One, exchanged agreeable and polite talk with him, then sat down at one side.

ekamanta.m nisinno kho Kuu.tadanto braahma.no bhagavanta.m etad avoca:
on one side / sitting / indeed / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / to the Blessed One / thus / spoke
Sitting on one side, the Brahmin Kutadanta said this to the Blessed One:

suta.m m’ eta.m bho Gotamo tividha-yañña-sampada.m jaanaatii ti.
heard / by me / this / sir / Gotama / triple-sacrifice-success / he knows / (end-quote)
“I have heard that master Gotama knows how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice.

na kho panaaha.m jaanaami tividha-yañña-sampada.m icchaami caaha.m mahaa-yañña.m yajitu.m.
not / indeed / then I / I know / triple-sacrifice-success / I wish / and I / great-sacrifice / to sacrifice
I don’t know how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice, and I wish to make a great sacrifice.

saadhu me bhava.m Gotamo tividha-yañña-sampada.m desetuu ti.
good / to me / honourable / Gotama / triple-sacrifice-success / may he teach / (end-quote)
It would be good if the honourable Gotama would teach the successful conduct of the triple sacrifice to me.”

tena hi braahma.na su.nohi bhaasissaamii ti.
Well then / Brahmin / listen / I will speak / (end-quote)
“Well then, Brahmin, listen and I will speak.”

eva.m bho ti kho Kuu.tadanto braahma.no bhagavato paccassosi.
thus / sir / (end-quote) / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / to the Blessed One / he replied
“Yes, sir”, the Brahmin Kutadanta replied to the Blessed One.

bhagavaa etad avoca:
Blessed One / thus / spoke
The Blessed One said this:

bhuutapubba.m braahma.na raajaa Mahaavijito naama ahosi,
in the past / Brahmin / king Mahavijita / named / there was
“Brahmin, once there was a king named Mahavijita,

a.d.dho maha-ddhano mahaa-bhogo pahuuta-jaataruupa-rajato pahuuta-vitt-uupakara.no pahuuta-dhana-dhañño paripu.n.na-kosa-ko.t.thaagaaro.
rich / great-wealth / great-property / much-gold-silver / much-pleasure-resources / much-wealth-grain / full-treasury-granary
who was exceedingly rich, with much property, gold, silver, pleasure-resources, wealth and grain, with treasury and granary completely full.

atha kho braahma.na rañño Mahaavijitassa rahogatassa pa.tisalliinassa eva.m cetaso parivitakko udapaadi:
then / indeed / Brahmin / of the king / Mahavijita / alone / secluded / thus / in the mind / idea / arose
Then, Brahmin, this idea arose in the mind of King Mahavijita when he was alone and secluded:

adhigataa kho me vipulaa maanusakaa bhogaa,
achieved / indeed / by me / much / human / property
‘I have achieved great material wealth,

mahanta.m pa.thavi-ma.n.dala.m abhivijiya ajjhaavasaami.
great / earth-circle / having conquered / I exploit
and having conquered a great circle of land, I exploit it.

yan nuunaaha.m mahaa-yañña.m yajeyya.m, ya.m mama assa diigharatta.m hitaaya sukhaayaa ti.
which / is it not I / great-sacrifice / I sacrifice / which / for me / would be / for a long time / for welfare / for happiness / (end-quote)
Why don’t I make a great sacrifice which will be for my welfare and happiness for a long time?’

atha kho braahma.na raajaa Mahaavijite purohita.m braahma.na.m aamantapetvaa etad avoca:
then / indeed / Brahmin / king / Mahavijita / priest / Brahmin / having summoned / thus / spoke
Then, Brahmin, King Mahavijita summoned his high-priest and said to him:

idha mayha.m braahma.na rahogatassa pa.tisalliinassa eva.m cetaso parivitakko udapaadi:
here / to me / Brahmin / alone / secluded / thus / in the mind / idea / arose
‘Here, Brahmin, while alone and secluded this idea came to me:

adhigato me vipulaa maanusakaa bhogaa,
achieved / by me / much / human / property
“I have achieved great material wealth,

mahanta.m pa.thavi-ma.n.dala.m abhivijiya ajjhaavasaami.
great / earth-circle / having conquered / I exploit
and having conquered a great circle of land, I exploit it.

yan nuunaaha.m mahaa-yañña.m yajeyya.m, ya.m mama assa diigharatta.m hitaaya sukhaayaa ti.
which / is it not I / great-sacrifice / I sacrifice / which / for me / would be / for a long time / for welfare / for happiness / (end-quote)
Why don’t I make a great sacrifice which will be for my welfare and happiness for a long time?”

icchaam’ aha.m braahma.na mahaa-yañña.m yajitu.m.
I wish / I / Brahmin / great-sacrifice / to make a sacrifice
Brahmin, I wish to make a great sacrifice.

anusaasatu ma.m bhava.m ya.m mama assa diigharatta.m hitaaya sukhaayaa ti.
Instruct / me / honourable sir / which / for me / would be / for a long time / for welfare / for happiness / (end-quote)
Instruct me, honourable sir, in what will be for my welfare and happiness for a long time.’

eva.m vutte braahma.na purohito braahma.no raajaana.m Mahaavijita.m etad avoca:
this / having been said / Brahmin / priest / Brahmin / king / Mahavijita / thus / spoke
After this was said, Brahmin, the high-priest said to King Mahavijita:

bhoto kho rañño janapado sa-ka.n.tako sa-uppii.lo,
of the honourable / indeed / of the king / country / with-thief / with-oppression
‘Your majesty’s kingdom is filled with thieves and oppression,

gaama-ghaataa pi dissanti nigama-ghaataa pi dissanti nagara-ghaataa pi dissanti pantha-duhanaa pi dissanti.
village-destruction / and / there appears / town-destruction / and / there appears / city-destruction / and / there appears / road-robbery / and / there appears
and destruction of villages, towns, and cities, and highway-robbery is manifest.

bhavañ ce kho pana raajaa eva.m sa-ka.n.take janapade sa-upapii.le balim uddhareyya, akiccakaarii assa tena bhava.m raajaa.
honourable / if / indeed / then / king / this / with-thief / in the country / with-oppression / tax / would collect / what should not be done / it would be / by this / honourable / king
If then your majesty would collect taxes in this country filled with thieves and oppression, this would be what should not be done.

siyaa kho pana bhoto rañño evam assa:
suppose / indeed / then / to the honourable / king / thus / it would be
Suppose that your majesty would think:

aham eta.m dassu-khiila.m vadhena vaa bandhena vaa jaaniyaa vaa garahaaya vaa pabbaajanaaya vaa samuuhanissaamii ti,
I / this / robber-territory / by execution / or / by imprisonment / or / by deprivation / or / by threat / or / by banishment / or / I will suppress / (end-quote)
“I will suppress this robber territory by execution, imprisonment, deprivation, threats, or banishment”,

na kho pan’ etassa dassu-khiilassa eva.m sammaa samugghaato hoti.
Not / indeed / then / of this / robber-territory / thus / rightly / suppressed / it is
then this robber territory would not thus be rightly suppressed.

ye te hataavasesakaa bhavissanti, te pacchaa rañño janapada.m vihe.thessanti.
who / those / survivors / they will be / those / afterwards / of the king / country / they will harass
Whoever will survive will harass the king’s country afterwards.

api ca kho ida.m sa.mvidhaana.m aagamma evam etassa dassu-khiilassa sammaa samugghaato hoti.
however / and / indeed / this / arrangement / happened / thus / of this / robber-territory / rightly / suppressed / it is
However with the following policy in place the robber territory would be rightly suppressed.

tena hi bhava.m raajaa ye bhoto rañño janapade ussahanti kasi-gorakkhe
well then / honourable / king / who / of the honourable / king / in the country / they try / cultivation-cattle breeding
So, your majesty, to those in the honourable king’s country who are engaged in agriculture or cattle raising,

tesa.m bhava.m raajaa biija-bhatta.m anuppadetu,
to these / honourable / king / seed-rice / may he distribute
may your majesty distribute seeds and food;

ye bhoto rañño janapade ussahanti va.nijjaaya
who / of the honourable / king / in the country / they try / trade
to those in the honourable king’s country who are engaged in trade,

tesa.m bhava.m raajaa paabhata.m anuppadetu,
to these / honourable / king / capital / may he distribute
may your majesty distribute capital;

ye bhoto rañño janapade ussahanti raaja-porise
who / of the honourable / king / in the country / they try / king-service
to those, your majesty, in the honourable king’s country who are engaged in service to the king,

tesa.m bhava.m raajaa bhatta-vetana.m pakappatu,
to these / honourable / king / rice-wages / may he distribute
may your majesty distribute food and wages;

te ca manussaa sa-kamma-pasutaa rañño janapada.m na vihe.thessanti,
those / and / men / own-action-intent on / of the king / country / not /they will harass
so, these people who are intent on their own business will not harass the king’s country,

mahaa ca rañño raasiko bhavissati, khema-.t.thitaa janapadaa aka.n.takaa anuppii.laa
great / and / of the king / accumulation / there will be / safe-standing / countries / not thieves / not oppressed
and the king’s revenue will be great, and the lands safe, without thieves or oppression,

manussaa ca mudaa modamaanaa ure putte naccentaa a-paaruta-gharaa maññe viharissantii ti.
men / and / happy / rejoicing / own / sons / dancing / not-veiled-house / I believe / they will live / (end-quote)
and I believe the people will be happy and rejoicing, dancing with their children, and will live in unlocked houses.’”

[D.I.127-35 – v.1,3-11]

Passage 3

jaate kho pana bhikkhave Vipassimhi kumaare, Bandhumato rañño pa.tivedesu.m:
on the birth / indeed / monks / on Vipassi / prince / Bandhuma / to the king / they showed
Monks, when Prince Vipassi was born, they showed him to King Bandhuma:

putto te deva jaato, ta.m devo passatu ti.
son / to you / lord / born / him /lord / may you look / (end-quote)
“Lord, a son has been born to you. Please look at him.”

addasaa kho bhikkhave Bandhumaa raajaa Vipassii-kumaara.m,
saw / indeed / monks / Bandhuma / king / Vipassi-prince
So, monks, King Bandhuma looked at Prince Vipassi,

disvaa nemitte braahma.ne aamantaapetvaa etad avoca:
having seen / sign / brahmins / having summoned / thus / he said
and on seeing him, he summoned his Brahmins skilled in divination, and said to them:

passantu bhonto nemittaa braahma.naa kumaaran ti.
May you see / sirs / sign / brahmins / prince / (end-quote)
“Sirs, please look at the prince.”

addasasu.m kho bhikkhave nemittaa braahma.naa Vipassii-kumaara.m,
they saw / indeed / monks / sign / brahmins / Vipassi-prince
So, monks, the diviner brahmins looked at Prince Vipassi,

disvaa Bandhumanta.m raajaana.m etad avocu.m:
having seen / Bandhuma / king / thus / they said
and when they had done so, they said to King Bandhuma:

attamano deva hohi, mahesakkho te deva putto uppanno.
delighted / lord / may you be / superior / to you / lord / son / arisen
“Lord, may you be delighted; a superior son has been born to you.

sace agaara.m ajjhaavasati, raajaa hoti cakkavattii dhammiko dhamma-raajaa.
if / house / inhabits / king / he is / wheel-turning / righteous / dhamma-king
If he remains a householder, he will become a righteous, wheel-turning Dhamma-king.

sace kho pana agaarasmaa anagaariya.m pabbajati, araha.m hoti sammaa sambuddho ti.
if / indeed / then / from home / to homelessness / he goes forth / arahant / he is / fully / enlightened / (end-quote)
But if he goes forth from home to homelessness, then he will be an arahant, a fully-enlightened one.”

atha kho bhikkhave Bandhumaa raajaa nemitte braahma.ne ahatehi vatthehi acchaadaapetvaa sabbakaamehi santappesi.
then / indeed / monks / Bandhuma / king / sign / brahmins / new / clothes / having caused to be clothed / with all desires / he satisfied
Then, monks, King Bandhuma had the diviner brahmins clothed in new clothes, and satisfied all their desires.

atha kho bhikkhave Bandhumaa raajaa Vipassissa kumaarassa tayo paasaade kaaraapesi,
then / indeed / monks / Bandhuma / king / for Vipassi / for the prince / three / palaces / he had made
Also, monks, King Bandhuma had three palaces built for Prince Vipassi,

eka.m vassika.m eka.m hemantika.m eka.m gimhika.m, pañca kaama-gu.naani upa.t.thaapesi.
one / for the rainy season / one / for winter / one / for the summer / five / pleasure-strands / it is provided
one for the rainy season, one for winter, and one for summer, and provided for them the five strands of sensual pleasure.

[D.II.16,19,21 – xiv.1.31,33,38]

Translate into Pali:—

“O monks, I will teach you the doctrine having-a-raft-as-simile (bahubbiihi: raft-simile), for-the-purpose-of-crossing over, not (emphatic: no) for-the-purpose-of-keeping.
bhikkhave / desissaami / vo / dhamma.m / kulla-upama.m / nitthara.na-atthaaya / no / gaha.na-atthaaya
kulluupama.m vo bhikkhave dhamma.m desissaami nitthara.natthaaya no gaha.natthaaya.

Just like a man who-had-followed-a-road:
seyyatha-api / puriso / addhaana-magga-pa.tipanno
seyyathaapi puriso addhaanamaggapa.tipanno,

he might see a great flood-of-water, the nearer shore with-fear, with-danger, the further shore secure, without-danger,
so / passeyya / mahanta.m / udaka-a.n.nava.m / orima.m / tiira.m / sa-asa”nka.m / sa-(p)pa.tibhaya.m / paarima.m / tiira.m / khema.m / a-(p)pa.tibhaya.m
so passeyya mahanta.m udaka.n.nava.m, orima.m tiira.m saasa”nka.m sappa.tibhaya.m, paarima.m tiira.m khema.m appa.tibhaya.m,

and there might not be a boat or a causeway for going from hither across, - he would have (the thought) thus:
ca / assa / na / naavaa / santaara.nii / uttara-setu / vaa / gamanaaya / apaaraa / paara.m / tassa / assa / evam
na c’ assa naavaa santaara.nii uttarasetu vaa apaaraa paara.m gamanaaya, tassa evam assa:

“Indeed this flood-of-water (is) great, and the nearer shore (is) with-fear, with-danger, the further shore secure, without-danger,
kho / aya.m / udaka-a.n.navo / mahaa / ca / orima.m / tiira.m / sa-asa”nka.m / sa-(p)pa.tibhaya.m / paarima.m / tiira.m / khema.m / a-(p)pa.tibhaya.m
aya.m kho mahaa udaka.n.navo, orima.m ca tiira.m saasa”nka.m sappa.tibhaya.m, paarima.m tiira.m khema.m appa.tibhaya.m,

and there isn’t a boat or a causeway for going from hither across.
ca / natthi / naavaa / vaa / santaara.nii / uttarasetu / gamanaaya / apaaraa / paara.m
natthi ca naavaa santaara.nii uttarasetu vaa apaaraa paara.m gamanaaya.

What now if I, having collected grass-firewood-branches-and-foliage,
ya.m / nuu-na / aha.m / sa.”nka.d.dhitvaa / ti.na-ka.t.tha-saakhaa-palaasa.m
yannuunaaha.m ti.naka.t.thasaakhaapalaasa.m sa”nka.d.dhitvaa,

having bound a raft, depending on that raft, should cross thither safely?”
bandhitvaa / kulla.m / nissaaya / ta.m / kulla.m / uttareyyan / paara.m / sotthinaa / (iti)
kulla.m bandhitvaa ta.m kulla.m nissaaya, sotthinaa paara.m uttareyyanti.

Then, indeed (kho), (monks,) that man, having collected grass-firewood-branches-and-foliage,
atha / kho / bhikkhave / so / puriso / sa.”nka.d.dhitvaa / ti.na-ka.t.tha-saakhaa-palaasa.m
atha kho so bhikkhave puriso ti.naka.t.thasaakhaapalaasa.m sa”nka.d.dhitvaa,

having bound a raft, depending on that raft, would cross thither safely.
bandhitvaa / kulla.m / nissaaya / ta.m / kulla.m / uttareyya / paara.m / sotthinaa
kulla.m bandhitvaa ta.m kulla.m nissaaya, sotthinaa paara.m uttareyya.

Crossed, gone-thither (past participles), he might have (the thought) thus:
utti.n.nassa / paara.m-gatassa / tassa / assa / evam
tassa utti.n.nassa paara”ngatassa evamassa:

“Indeed this raft (is) very usefu (to me).
kho / aya.m / kullo / bahukaaro / me
bahukaaro kho me aya.m kullo.

What now if, having put (“mounted”) this raft on my head, I should go away?”
ya.m / nuu-na / aha.m / aaropetvaa / ima.m / kulla.m / siise / pakkameyyan / (iti)
yannuunaaha.m ima.m kulla.m siise aaropetvaa pakkameyyanti.

What do you think (of) that, monks?
ki.m / maññatha / ta.m / bhikkhave
ta.m ki.m maññatha bhikkhave.

Perhaps (api) that man thus-doing (-kaarin, bahubbiihi) (with reference) to that raft (loc.) would be doing-what-should-be-done (nu)?”
api / so / puriso / eva.m-kaarii / tasmi.m / kulle / kicca-kaarii / assa / nu / (iti)
api nu so puriso eva.mkaarii tasmi.m kulle kiccakaarii assaati?

“Indeed not (no h’) this, sir (bhante)!” …
hi / no / eta.m / bhante
no h’eta.m bhante.

In this connection, monks, that man, crossed, gone thither, might have (the thought) thus:
idha / bhikkhave / tassa / purisassa / paara"ngatassa / assa / evam
idha bhikkhave tassa purisassa paara”ngatassa evamassa:

“… What now (if), having lifted this raft on to (dry) land, I should go away (?)”
ya.m / nuu-na / aha.m / ussaadetvaa / ima.m / kulla.m / thale / pakkameyyan / (iti)
yannuunaaha.m ima.m kulla.m thale ussaadetvaa pakkameyyanti.

Thus-doing, indeed, that man would be doing-what-should-be-done with (loc.) that raft.
eva.m-kaarii / kho / so / puriso / bhikkhave / assa / kicca-kaarii / tasmi.m / kulle
eva.mkaarii kho so bhikkhave puriso tasmi.m kulle kiccakaarii assa.

Likewise, indeed, monks, the doctrine is taught by me having-a-raft-as-simile, for-the-purpose-of-crossing over, not for-the-purpose-of-keeping.
evameva / kho / bhikkhave / dhammo / desito / mayaa / kulla-upamo / nitthara.n-atthaaya / no / gaha.n-atthaaya
evameva kho bhikkhave kulluupamo mayaa dhammo desito nitthara.natthaaya no gaha.natthaaya.

By your (vo) learning (present participle, instrumental plural) the raft-simile, monks, even good mental phenomena (are) to be given up by you (vo), how much more so bad mental phenomena.”
vo / aajaanantehi / kulla-upama.m / bhikkhave / api / dhammaa / pahaatabbaa / vo / pageva / a-dhammaa
kulluupama.m vo bhikkhave aajaanantehi, dhammaa pi vo pahaatabbaa, pageva adhammaa.

[M.I.134-5 – xxii(Mahâsatipa.t.thâna).13-4]